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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet
Published on: November 2, 2020
Development of gas jet targets for laser-plasma experiments at near-critical density
J L Henares1, P Puyuelo-Valdes1, F Hannachi1
1Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS-IN2P3, Route du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.
Abstract:
Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to design gas nozzles, associated with a 1000 bars backing pressure system, capable of generating supersonic gas jet targets with densities close to the critical density for 1053 nm laser radiation (1021 cm-3). Such targets should be suitable for laser-driven ion acceleration at a high repetition rate. The simulation results are compared to the density profiles measured by interferometry, and characterization of the gas jet dynamics is performed using strioscopy. Proton beams with maximum energies up to 2 MeV have been produced from diatomic hydrogen gas jet targets in a first experiment.
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Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...
Critical Values

