Dissecting Thoracic Aneurysm in Takayasu Arteritis With Concomitant Tuberculosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Takayasu arteritis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting large arteries, primarily the aorta.
• Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can rarely be associated with vascular complications.
• Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition involving a tear in the aorta's inner layer.

Observation:

• A 15-year-old patient presented with dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta.
• The condition was secondary to Takayasu arteritis with concomitant tuberculosis.
• The patient experienced acute chest pain despite initial medical management.

Findings:

• Multimodality imaging was crucial for diagnosis and surgical planning.
• The patient underwent ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement with branched Dacron grafts.
• This presentation represents a rare confluence of Takayasu arteritis, tuberculosis, and aortic dissection.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering rare infectious and autoimmune etiologies in young patients with aortic pathology.
• Effective preoperative and postoperative management strategies are vital for successful outcomes.
• Further research into the synergistic effects of Takayasu arteritis and tuberculosis on the aorta is warranted.