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Related Concept Videos

Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cell Migration01:09

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract
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Matrix promote mesenchymal stromal cell migration with improved deformation via nuclear stiffness decrease.

Chuanchuan Lin1, Bailong Tao1, Yiman Deng1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.

Biomaterials
|July 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stiffer matrices enhance bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration and alter nuclear properties during tissue repair. These findings offer insights into cell behavior in dynamic microenvironments.

Keywords:
3D cultureMatrix stiffnessNuclear mechanicsSodium alginate hydrogelStromal cell migration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue repair, migrating to injury sites.
  • Cell migration is influenced by the mechanical properties of the surrounding matrix, specifically stiffness.
  • Understanding MSC migration dynamics is vital for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of matrix stiffness on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) migration.
  • To explore how matrix stiffness influences the nuclear properties and migration strategies of BMSCs.
  • To establish a platform for studying BMSC migration in a controlled microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sodium alginate hydrogels with varying stiffness (1-20 kPa) to mimic in vivo conditions.
  • Employed Transwell chambers with chemical gradients to simulate injury site cues.
  • Measured BMSC migration speed, nuclear stiffness, and lamin A/C expression in response to matrix stiffness.

Main Results:

  • BMSCs exhibited increased migration speed in stiffer matrices compared to softer ones.
  • Increased matrix stiffness led to decreased BMSC nuclear stiffness and reduced lamin A/C expression.
  • BMSCs adapted their migration strategies based on the environmental stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • Matrix stiffness is a significant regulator of BMSC migration and nuclear mechanics.
  • Lamin A/C plays a key role in mediating the effects of stiffness on nuclear properties.
  • This study provides a valuable platform for investigating cell migration in engineered tissues.