Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suppresses high Ca²⁺-enhanced adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells

We have previously reported that increased extracellular and intracellular Ca²⁺ lead to adipocyte accumulation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, strategies to suppress high Ca²⁺-enhanced adipocyte accumulation have not been reported. We examined the effects of the diacylglycerol analog phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on proliferation and adipogenesis of mouse primary BMSCs. We used 9 mM CaCl₂ and 100 nM ionomycin to increase extracellular Ca²⁺ and intracellular Ca²⁺, respectively. PMA suppressed the expression of both C/EBPα and PPARγ under normal adipogenesis, adipogenesis + CaCl₂, and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA enhanced proliferation under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed proliferation under adipogenesis + CaCl₂ and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA did not affect the accumulation of adipocytes under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed adipocyte accumulation under adipogenesis + CaCl₂ and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. These results suggest that the PMA-dependent pathway is an important signaling pathway to suppress high Ca²⁺-enhanced adipocyte accumulation.