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An update on the current management of adult obstructive sleep apnoea

Lernik Sarkissian1, Leon Kitipornchai2, Peter Cistulli3

  • 1BAppScExSS, MPhty, MBBS, Otolaryngology, Head @ Neck registrar, Wollongong Hospital; Illawarra ENT Head and Neck Clinic Wollongong, NSW. ls095@uowmail.edu.au.

Australian Journal of General Practice
|July 1, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) management is evolving, with continuous positive airway pressure as a first-line therapy. Future directions include new medications and hypoglossal nerve stimulation for adult OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in adults.
  • Multiple factors contribute to OSA, necessitating diverse treatment approaches.
  • Multidisciplinary care, including general practitioners, is crucial for personalized OSA management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinical update on recent advancements in adult OSA management.
  • To explore future directions and emerging therapies for adult OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic methods for OSA, including polysomnography and home sleep studies.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment modalities for adult OSA.
  • Examination of adjunctive therapies and lifestyle modifications for OSA management.

Main Results:

  • In-lab polysomnography remains a key diagnostic tool, with home sleep studies offering good specificity/sensitivity in select populations.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary treatment for adult OSA.
  • Mandibular advancement splints and surgery are second-line options, alongside lifestyle interventions like weight loss and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Current management strategies for adult OSA involve a combination of established therapies and lifestyle adjustments.
  • Emerging treatments, including novel medications and hypoglossal nerve stimulation, show promise for future OSA management.
  • Personalized care and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for optimizing outcomes in adult OSA patients.

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