Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

220
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
220
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.0K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
1.0K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

855
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
855
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

53.4K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
53.4K
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

58.7K
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
58.7K
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

3.5K
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemically modified CRISPR-Cas9 enables targeting of individual G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, revealing ligand-dependent transcriptional perturbation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Chemically modified CRISPR-Cas9 enables targeting of individual G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, revealing ligand-dependent transcriptional perturbation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Discovery of thiacyanine dyes as a new class of potent coronavirus inhibitors that suppress viral RNA synthesis.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Structure-informed design of an ultrabright RNA-activated fluorophore.

Nature chemistry·2025
Same author

General movement assessments in neonates born with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies: a single site, retrospective study.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2025
Same author

Structural Modifications Reveal Dual Functions of the C-4 Carbonyl Group in the Fatty Acid Chain of Ipomoeassin F.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

7.7K

Simvastatin and ML141 Decrease Intracellular Streptococcus pyogenes Infection.

Lindy Caffo1, Bria L Sneed1, Caroline Burcham1

  • 1Ball State University, RH 105, 2100 West Riverside Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States.

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simvastatin and ML141 limit intracellular Streptococcus pyogenes infection by maintaining actin stress fibers. These findings suggest simvastatin repurposing and CDC42 inhibitors for recurrent infections.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial therapyHUVECStreptococcus pyogenesantimicrobialsfibronectinsimvastatin.

More Related Videos

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection
11:16

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

Published on: April 21, 2015

11.2K
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

7.7K
Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection
11:16

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

Published on: April 21, 2015

11.2K
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Recurrent Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) pharyngotonsillitis persists despite antimicrobial treatment.
  • Intracellular S. pyogenes survival within host cells contributes to treatment failure and recurrent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate simvastatin and ML141 (a CDC42 inhibitor) for limiting S. pyogenes host cell invasion.
  • To explore host-directed therapies for eradicating intracellular S. pyogenes.

Main Methods:

  • Invasion, viability, and actin depolymerization assays using macrophage and endothelial cell lines.
  • Treatment with simvastatin, ML141, ML141 analogs (RSM series), or vehicle control.
  • Assessment of S. pyogenes binding to fibronectin.

Main Results:

  • Simvastatin and ML141 significantly reduced intracellular S. pyogenes in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Simvastatin's inhibitory effect was persistent, while ML141's was reversible.
  • Both agents maintained actin stress fiber integrity during infection, unlike vehicle controls.

Conclusions:

  • Simvastatin repurposing and CDC42 inhibitors offer a promising host-directed strategy against intracellular S. pyogenes.
  • Targeting host cell pathways can overcome antimicrobial resistance and break the cycle of recurrent S. pyogenes infections.