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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Ischemic stroke following neck dissection in the elderly.

Chuan-Yi Kuo1, Yi-Ting Chen2, Cheuk-Kwan Sun3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Tzu Chi Medical Journal
|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients undergoing neck dissection have a higher incidence of perioperative stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. This highlights an increased risk in older individuals receiving extensive head and neck cancer surgery.

Keywords:
Head and neck cancerNeck dissectionPerioperative stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Perioperative stroke is linked to increased mortality.
  • The specific risk of stroke after neck dissection in elderly patients is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of neck dissection-associated perioperative stroke in elderly versus younger patients.
  • To identify risk factors for stroke in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 1057 patients who underwent neck dissection for head and neck cancers.
  • Patients were categorized into elderly (≥65 years) and younger (<65 years) groups.
  • Demographic, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and stroke incidence were compared.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients had a higher prevalence of stroke risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.
  • Two elderly patients (1.1%) experienced postoperative ischemic stroke, while none occurred in the younger group.
  • The overall incidence of perioperative stroke was 0.19%.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly patients exhibit a higher incidence of perioperative stroke following neck dissection.
  • The findings suggest an elevated risk of stroke in older adults undergoing extensive neck surgery.