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Separating Beads and Cells in Multi-channel Microfluidic Devices Using Dielectrophoresis and Laminar Flow
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Stormtime substorm onsets: occurrence and flow channel triggering.

Larry R Lyons1, Ying Zou2,3, Yukitoshi Nishimura4

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auroral streamers, observed by THEMIS all-sky-imagers, frequently trigger geomagnetic substorm onsets. Substorm occurrences are more common during high-speed stream (HSS) storms than coronal mass ejection (CME) storms.

Keywords:
Auroral streamersStormsSubstorm occurrenceSubstorm triggeringSubstorms

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Geomagnetism
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Geomagnetic storms feature bright auroral emissions, offering opportunities to study substorm onset triggers.
  • Previous proposals suggest plasma sheet flow bursts, appearing as ionospheric auroral streamers, frequently initiate substorm onsets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that substorm onsets are triggered by plasma sheet flow bursts manifesting as auroral streamers.
  • To compare substorm occurrence rates between coronal mass ejection (CME) and high-speed stream (HSS) related geomagnetic storms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution THEMIS all-sky-imagers (ASIs) for broad ionospheric mapping of the plasma sheet.
  • Analyzed main phases of 9 CME-related and 9 HSS-related geomagnetic storms.
  • Identified 60 substorm auroral onsets characterized by brightening followed by poleward expansion.

Main Results:

  • A detectable streamer was observed heading towards the substorm onset location for all 60 identified onsets.
  • Substorm onsets were significantly less frequent during CME storms compared to HSS storms.
  • Results contradict previous findings of equal substorm occurrences between CME and HSS storms.

Conclusions:

  • Substorm onsets are frequently triggered by plasma intrusions, indicated by auroral streamers, though direct plasma measurement is lacking.
  • The observed lower substorm frequency during steady southward IMF in CME storms challenges existing models of substorm repetition.
  • Higher substorm occurrence during HSS periods is likely due to fluctuating interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions.