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Complexity and Expressive Power of Weakly Well-Designed SPARQL.

Mark Kaminski1, Egor V Kostylev1

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This study introduces weakly well-designed SPARQL queries, a new fragment that efficiently handles most real-world RDF data queries using the OPTIONAL operator, improving upon existing well-designed SPARQL limitations.

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Optional matchingRDF query languagesSPARQL

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Database Systems
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • SPARQL is the standard query language for RDF data.
  • The OPTIONAL operator in SPARQL allows partial answers but is computationally expensive (PSPACE-complete).
  • Well-designed SPARQL fragments improve efficiency (coNP-complete) but capture limited real-world queries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of well-designed SPARQL by studying queries outside this fragment.
  • To introduce and analyze a new class of queries: weakly well-designed SPARQL.
  • To improve the efficiency and expressiveness of SPARQL query answering for RDF data.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of the weakly well-designed SPARQL query class.
  • Analysis of query answering complexity for the new fragment.
  • Comparison of expressive power with well-designed SPARQL and full SPARQL.
  • Development of a normal form for weakly well-designed queries.
  • Study of query containment and equivalence for the new fragment.

Main Results:

  • The weakly well-designed fragment subsumes well-designed SPARQL and captures over 99% of DBpedia queries using OPTIONAL.
  • Query answering for weakly well-designed SPARQL remains coNP-complete, representing a maximal fragment for this complexity.
  • The expressive power of weakly well-designed SPARQL is strictly between well-designed SPARQL and full SPARQL.

Conclusions:

  • Weakly well-designed SPARQL offers a practical and efficient solution for a vast majority of real-world SPARQL queries with OPTIONAL.
  • The new fragment provides a balance between expressive power and computational tractability.
  • Further research includes studying the complexity of containment and equivalence for this new query class.