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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
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Finite-temperature gluon spectral functions from lattice QCD.

Ernst-Michael Ilgenfritz1, Jan M Pawlowski2,3, Alexander Rothkopf4

  • 11Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|July 2, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found evidence of quasi-particle peaks in gluon spectral functions at high temperatures using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This reveals distinct in-medium masses for longitudinal and transverse gluons, aligning with theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of gluons, the force carriers of the strong nuclear force, is crucial for comprehending matter under extreme conditions.
  • Lattice QCD provides a non-perturbative framework to study the properties of strongly interacting matter at finite temperatures and densities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gluon correlation and spectral functions at finite temperature using lattice QCD.
  • To explore the existence and properties of quasi-particle excitations in the gluon sector.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing lattice QCD ensembles with dynamical twisted-mass quarks in Landau gauge.
  • Employing a novel Bayesian approach for extracting non-positive-definite spectral functions.
  • Analyzing gluon correlation functions across various spatial momenta and discrete imaginary frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Obtained clear indications of a well-defined quasi-particle peak in gluon spectral functions.
  • Investigated the momentum and temperature dependence of this spectral feature.
  • Revealed different in-medium masses for longitudinal and transverse gluons at high temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for quasi-particle behavior of gluons at finite temperatures.
  • Observed mass differences between longitudinal and transverse gluons are qualitatively consistent with weak coupling expectations.