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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
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A RARE CASE OF SEVERE TYPE 4 POLYGLANDULAR AUTOIMMUNE SYNDROME IN A YOUNG ADULT.

L Mihalache1, L I Arhire1, A Gherasim1

  • 1"Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Iasi, Romania.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)
|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The rare co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease in adults presents diagnostic challenges. Early recognition and combined treatment are crucial for unpredictable patient outcomes.

Keywords:
polyglandular autoimmune syndromepolyserositissevere hypothyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease are common autoimmune disorders.
  • The simultaneous occurrence of all three is exceptionally rare, particularly in adults.
  • This triad can complicate diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a young adult diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and celiac disease.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by the concomitant presence of these three autoimmune conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and integrated management.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a young male with severe generalized edema.
  • Diagnostic workup included thyroid function tests, autoantibody assays, thyroid ultrasonography, and upper endoscopy with biopsy.
  • Confirmation of autoimmune thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with severe hypothyroidism (TSH=100 μUI/mL, fT4 = 0.835 pmol/L) and positive thyroid autoantibodies.
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed concurrently.
  • Celiac disease was confirmed via biopsy and immunological tests.

Conclusions:

  • The co-diagnosis of these three autoimmune diseases in an adult is rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges.
  • Severe edema and polyserositis can be manifestations of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.
  • Concomitant treatment decisions significantly impact unpredictable patient outcomes.