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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of the Murine Uterosacral Ligaments and Pelvic Floor Organs
Published on: March 3, 2023
Sacral neuromodulation for female pelvic floor disorders
Ahmed S El-Azab1, Steven W Siegel2
1Section of Female Urology and NeuroUrology, Assiut University Urology Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a safe and effective treatment for women with pelvic floor disorders. Studies show high success rates for overactive bladder, urinary retention, and fecal incontinence.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Neurology
- Gynecology
Background:
- Pelvic floor disorders significantly impact women's quality of life.
- Conservative treatments are often insufficient for severe cases.
- Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is indicated for refractory pelvic floor dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of SNM.
- To evaluate SNM in women with various pelvic floor disorders.
- To assess SNM outcomes for conditions unresponsive to conservative management.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases (1998-2018).
- Inclusion of randomized controlled trials and prospective studies with ≥20 patients and ≥6 months follow-up.
- Keywords: 'Sacral Neuromodulation' and 'Sacral Nerve Stimulation'.
Main Results:
- Nineteen articles were identified for review.
- SNM demonstrated high success rates: overactive bladder (56-80%), urinary retention (70%), and fecal incontinence (85%).
- Advancements in SNM technology improve patient comfort and procedural outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a safe and effective therapy for women with diverse pelvic floor disorders.
- SNM offers significant symptom reduction and improved quality of life.
- Effectiveness for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome may be lower compared to overactive bladder.
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