Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.

Simplification of a Force and Couple System I

Simplification of a Force and Couple System I

The concept of reducing a system of forces and couple moments to an equivalent system is essential in simplifying the analysis of rigid bodies. This reduction allows for more straightforward computation and understanding of the external effects produced by the system. In particular, systems with an equivalent resultant force and a resultant couple moment having perpendicular lines of action can be further reduced to a single equivalent resultant force acting along a new line of action. There...

Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II

Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II

In a three-dimensional system, multiple forces can act on an object. These forces can be combined into a single equivalent force, known as the resultant force. Similarly, the moments generated by these forces can be combined into a single equivalent moment, the resultant couple moment. In certain situations, these two entities may not be mutually perpendicular, meaning they do not have a 90-degree angle between them. This unique condition requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between...

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...

The Quotient Rule

The Quotient Rule

The quotient rule is a fundamental differentiation technique in calculus used to differentiate functions expressed as a ratio of two differentiable functions. Given a function of the form:Where g(x) and h(x) are both differentiable and h(x) ≠ 0, the derivative of f(x) is given by:Example:The quotient rule is beneficial when differentiating rational functions, trigonometric ratios, and exponential functions. For example, given:applying the quotient rule,This rule is essential in solving...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pediatric Autism Diagnosis Accuracy and Confidence: A Comparison of Experienced and Inexperienced Clinicians Making Decisions with and without AI Decision Support.

Research square·2026

Same author

Enhancing Text Datasets With Scaling and Targeting Data Augmentation to Improve BERT-Based Machine Learners.

Expert systems with applications·2026

Same author

Are LLM-generated plain language summaries truly understandable? A large-scale crowdsourced evaluation.

Journal of biomedical informatics·2026

Same author

Persona Development in Washington State: Mixed Methods Approach Using Statewide Survey Data.

Online journal of public health informatics·2026

Same author

Comparative Evaluation of Text and Audio Simplification: A Methodological Replication Study.

Communications of the Association for Information Systems·2026

Same author

Influence of Audio Speech Rate and Source Text Difficulty on Health Information Comprehension and Retention.

Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Algorithmic Generation of Grammar Simplification Rules Using Large Corpora.

Andras Szep¹, Marton Szep¹, Gondy Leroy¹

¹University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science Proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science

|July 2, 2019

Summary

We developed grammar simplification rules to improve medical text readability for patients. Experts found these rules helpful for simplifying complex medical information, enhancing patient understanding.

More Related Videos

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Area-based Image Analysis Algorithm for Quantification of Macrophage-fibroblast Cocultures

Area-based Image Analysis Algorithm for Quantification of Macrophage-fibroblast Cocultures

Published on: February 15, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Area-based Image Analysis Algorithm for Quantification of Macrophage-fibroblast Cocultures

Area-based Image Analysis Algorithm for Quantification of Macrophage-fibroblast Cocultures

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Natural Language Processing
Health Literacy

Background:

Patient education materials often exceed patient literacy levels.
A gap exists between medical text complexity and patient comprehension.
Developing tools to simplify medical information is crucial for health equity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate grammar simplification rules for medical text.
To create a foundational set of rules for an online medical text simplification editor.
To assess the applicability and effectiveness of generated simplification rules.

Main Methods:

Generated grammar simplification rules from a parallel corpus (N=141,500) of original and simplified sentences.
Algorithmically identified grammatical transformations (N=26,600) and selected rules based on corpus distributional characteristics for broad application and low ambiguity.
Evaluated 20 representative rules by two experts using a 5-point Likert scale.

Main Results:

A set of 146 grammar simplification rules was generated.
Experts rated stronger rules highly for ease of application (4.11), overall helpfulness (4.40), and example usefulness (4.05).
Rule length did not significantly impact expert scores.

Conclusions:

The developed grammar simplification rules are effective in guiding the simplification of medical text.
These rules show promise for integration into online text simplification tools to improve patient understanding.
The methodology provides a framework for generating domain-specific simplification rules.