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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Spotting Cheetahs: Identifying Individuals by Their Footprints
Published on: May 1, 2016
Identifying individuals using fNIRS-based cortical connectomes
Júlia de Souza Rodrigues1, Fernanda Lenita Ribeiro1,2, João Ricardo Sato1
1Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, 09606-045, Brazil.
Abstract:
The fMRI-based functional connectome was shown to be sufficiently unique to allow individual identification (fingerprinting). We aimed to test whether a fNIRS-based connectome could also be used to identify individuals. Forty-four participants performed experimental protocols that consisted of two periods of resting-state interleaved by a cognitive task period. Connectome identification was performed for all possible pairwise combinations of the three periods. The influence of hemodynamic global variation was tested using global signal regression and principal component analysis. High identification accuracies well-above chance level (2.3%) were observed overall, being particularly high (93%) to the oxyhemoglobin signal between resting conditions. Our results suggest that fNIRS is a suitable technique to assess connectome fingerprints.
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