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Related Concept Videos

Contaminants and Errors01:16

Contaminants and Errors

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Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
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Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion. 
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Isolation of Epithelial Cells from Human Dental Follicle
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Mercury Contamination from Dental Amalgam.

Anita Vazquez Tibau1, Blanche D Grube2

  • 1Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Dental amalgam is a significant source of global mercury pollution through pathways like cremation and sewage sludge. Its toxic legacy persists, necessitating mandatory mercury reduction technologies worldwide.

Keywords:
Minamata Convention on Mercury Treatyartisanal and small-scale gold miningcremationmercury dental amalgamsewage sludge

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Dental amalgam is an underrecognized source of global mercury pollution.
  • Mercury from dental amalgams contaminates air, water, and food via illegal diversion and waste disposal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and report on the environmental pathways of mercury from dental amalgam.
  • To highlight the environmental impact of mercury in dental products.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles (2000-2018).
  • Screened articles for keywords: "Dental Amalgam," "Minamata Convention on Mercury Treaty," "Sewage Sludge," "Cremation," and "Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining."
  • Included data from populous countries and regions with high cremation rates.

Main Results:

  • Dental amalgam contributes to mercury pollution through cremation, sewage sludge, burial, and artisanal gold mining.
  • Mercury's environmental persistence and bioaccumulation pose long-term health risks.

Conclusions:

  • Dental amalgam is a significant, understudied source of global mercury pollution.
  • Mandatory implementation of mercury reduction technologies is crucial in both developing and developed countries.
  • The toxic legacy of dental amalgam necessitates immediate regulatory action.