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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
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Molecular screening programs in different countries: what we learned and perspectives.

Edith Borcoman1, Christophe Le Tourneau1,2,3, Maud Kamal1

  • 1Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precision medicine uses molecular tumor boards (MTBs) to guide cancer therapy. While MTBs identify molecular alterations in many patients, challenges remain in matching patients to therapies and improving treatment response rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Precision medicine revolutionizes oncology by integrating molecular profiling for targeted therapy.
  • Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs) are crucial for coordinating tumor sample analysis to identify actionable molecular alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current precision medicine initiatives involving MTBs.
  • To identify challenges hindering broader implementation of precision medicine.
  • To discuss future perspectives for integrating precision medicine into routine patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of precision medicine initiatives and MTB workflows.
  • Analysis of data on molecular alteration identification and therapy matching.
  • Identification of challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

  • MTBs identify actionable molecular alterations in up to 50% of patients.
  • Only 10-20% of patients receive matched therapy, with <6% experiencing objective response.
  • Key challenges include delayed molecular profiling, limited use of liquid biopsies, and restricted access to comprehensive gene panels and therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular screening programs guide a minority of patients to individualized therapy.
  • Significant hurdles must be addressed for effective precision medicine implementation.
  • Future efforts should focus on earlier profiling, liquid biopsies, broader gene panels, and improved drug access.