Paediatric orbital and periorbital infections

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Periorbital infections, including preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, and dacryocystitis, necessitate timely diagnosis and treatment.
• Understanding causative organisms and evolving management strategies is essential for optimal patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent literature on the diagnosis and management of preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, and dacryocystitis.
• To identify causative organisms, diagnostic approaches, and current medical or surgical therapies.
• To outline potential complications associated with these infections.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.
• Evaluation of epidemiological shifts in causative pathogens.

Main Results:

• Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type B has altered the spectrum of common causative organisms.
• Adjuvant corticosteroids show promise in managing orbital cellulitis.
• Subperiosteal abscess volume exceeding 1250 µL predicts the need for surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

• Periorbital infections demand prompt clinical assessment and management.
• Despite common Staphylococcus/Streptococcus species, treatment for preseptal and orbital cellulitis must be individualized.
• Management decisions depend on the infection's origin, clinical presentation, and response to initial therapy.