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Multiple protein differences exist between Neisseria gonorrhoeae type 1 and type 4.

K W Klimpel1, V L Clark

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, New York 14642.

Infection and Immunity
|April 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Neisseria gonorrhoeae phase variation involves more than just piliation changes. This conversion from virulent type 1 to avirulent type 4 cells affects numerous proteins across all cellular locations.

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Expression of AniA, the major anaerobically induced outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, provides protection against killing by normal human sera.

Infection and immunity·2000

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibits phase variation, switching between virulent (type 1) and avirulent (type 4) forms.
  • This variation was previously simplified to a change in piliation status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the proteomic differences between type 1 and type 4 Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • To determine if phase variation involves changes beyond piliation.

Main Methods:

  • Cell fractionation to isolate different cellular components.
  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (O'Farrell) to analyze cytoplasmic and membrane proteins.
  • Nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis (NEPGGE) for outer membrane protein analysis.

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Main Results:

  • Identified 26 type 1-specific (T1S) and 23 type 4-specific (T4S) cytoplasmic/cytoplasmic membrane proteins.
  • Detected at least 8 T1S and 4 T4S outer membrane proteins using NEPGGE.
  • Significant proteomic alterations were observed in both virulent and avirulent states.

Conclusions:

  • The conversion between type 1 and type 4 Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a complex process.
  • This phase variation impacts the expression of numerous proteins in all cellular compartments.
  • The findings challenge the simplistic view of phase variation as solely a piliation change.