Nuclear Phosphoinositides-Versatile Regulators of Genome Functions
Enrique Castano1,2, Sukriye Yildirim1, Veronika Fáberová1
1Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
Cells
|July 3, 2019
Summary
Nuclear phosphoinositides, especially phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), are crucial for gene transcription and RNA processing. Their roles in nuclear organization and genome functions are increasingly recognized and require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Phosphoinositide functions in cytosolic signaling are well-established.
- Their roles within the cell nucleus remain less understood.
- This review focuses on nuclear phosphoinositide localization, metabolism, and functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current knowledge on nuclear phosphoinositides.
- To review their involvement in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and RNA processing.
- To discuss molecular mechanisms of nuclear phosphoinositide action.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and data summarization.
- Focus on phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) mechanisms.
- Discussion of nuclear lipid islets and their role in transcription.
Main Results:
- Nuclear phosphoinositides, particularly PI(4,5)P2, modulate key nuclear processes.
- PI(4,5)P2 influences RNA polymerase I activity.
- Nuclear lipid islets, PI(4,5)P2-rich compartments, are involved in RNA polymerase II transcription.
Conclusions:
- The impact of phosphoinositide-protein complexes on nuclear organization and genome functions is significant.
- Emerging evidence highlights the critical roles of nuclear phosphoinositides.
- Further research is essential to fully elucidate these functions.
More Related Videos
10:52Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
Published on: January 6, 2016
10.8K
14:27A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
Published on: August 8, 2016
8.7K
Related Concept Videos
01:45Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
3.2K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
3.2K
01:42Phosphoinositides and PIPs
10.1K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
10.1K
02:02Genomics
39.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
39.8K
01:26Testosterone: Functions and Regulation
2.1K
The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
2.1K
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
23.1K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
23.1K
02:31Nuclear Export of mRNA
8.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
8.7K