Duchenne muscular dystrophy: do both parents contribute genetically to the disease?

By observing the effect of 0.08 and 0.02 mg/ml linoleic acid (LA on the electrophoretic mobility of fresh red blood cells derived from the parents of a subject with DMD, it has been shown that all of 16 fathers as well as 15 mothers, consistently differ from normal. In normal subjects, whilst 0.08 mg/ml LA causes increased mobility, 0.02 mg/ml causes reduced mobility (P less than 0.001). In both parents this reversal is abolished and 0.02 mg/ml LA gives the same increased electrophoretic mobility of the RBC as does 0.08 mg/ml. This indicates that there is qualitative alteration of the RBC membrane in both, apparently genetically determined. Only when such an abnormal male mates with an abnormal female can DMD occur in a male offspring; other children appear either normal or showing the same abnormality as do the parents, thus continuing the production of DMD parents, the chance mating of whom produces further DMD. The evidence supports the hypothesis that in DMD there is a widespread membrane disturbance. Other relatives have also been explored. It would appear that the common DMD of children is of autosomal recessive origin with strong limitation to the male.