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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Molecules and Compounds02:38

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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
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Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice
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Taming the Beast: Interplay between Gut Small Molecules and Enteric Pathogens.

Aman Kumar1,2, Melissa Ellermann1,2, Vanessa Sperandio3,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Infection and Immunity
|July 3, 2019
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Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat. Targeting bacterial virulence using small molecules in the gut offers a novel strategy to combat drug-resistant infections and minimize host damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antibiotic overuse drives the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria, causing millions of illnesses and deaths annually.
  • Conventional antibiotics can exert selective pressure, promoting resistance, and may even worsen disease progression by affecting pathogen virulence.
  • Alternative strategies are crucial to combat the escalating threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of targeting bacterial virulence as a therapeutic strategy against antibiotic-resistant infections.
  • To review the interactions between enteric pathogens and naturally occurring small molecules in the gut.
  • To identify novel antivirulence targets for developing new antimicrobial agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on antivirulence strategies and the role of small molecules in modulating pathogen behavior.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions within the human gut environment.
  • Identification of potential therapeutic targets by examining how small molecules influence enteric pathogen virulence.

Main Results:

  • Naturally occurring small molecules in the gut can modulate the virulence of enteric pathogens.
  • Interfering with pathogen sensing of these small molecules can attenuate virulence.
  • This approach offers a way to limit pathogen colonization and reduce host tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting bacterial virulence, rather than direct killing, presents a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics.
  • Small molecules in the gut represent a rich source of potential targets for developing novel antivirulence therapies.
  • This strategy could mitigate the urgent problem of antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes.