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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

216.8K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.3K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
53.9K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.2K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.5K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires
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Highly Flexible, Stretchable, and Tunable Optical Diffusers with Mechanically Switchable Wettability Surfaces.

Tawfiq Alqurashi1,2, Haider Butt2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, P.O. Box 90, 11921, Saudi Arabia.

ACS Central Science
|July 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed stretchable photonic diffusers with tunable diffusion angles and reversible super-hydrophobic properties. These innovations advance flexible electronics and self-cleaning applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics and Flexible Devices

Background:

  • Stretchable and super-hydrophobic materials offer new possibilities for photonic system design and self-cleaning applications.
  • Tunable photonic devices are crucial for advanced optical systems and integrated electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and experimentally realize mechanically stretchable and tunable photonic diffusers.
  • To investigate the role of structural dimensions on illumination distribution and wettability.
  • To demonstrate reversible switching between hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic states.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of diffusers using laser ablation directly on elastomer materials.
  • Design based on periodic arrays of cylindrical lenslets and microtips.
  • Mechanical stretching to tune diffusion angle and wettability properties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved mechanically stretchable photonic diffusers with tunable diffusion angles.
  • Demonstrated reversible transitions between hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic states upon mechanical stretching.
  • Confirmed that diffuser dimensions critically influence illumination distribution and wettability resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Developed multifunctional, stretchable photonic diffusers with tunable optical and wetting properties.
  • These diffusers represent a significant advancement for integration with flexible electronic devices.
  • Potential applications include stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and self-cleaning surfaces.