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Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
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The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
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The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving unique functions.
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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Scalable microphysiological system to model three-dimensional blood vessels.

Mees N S de Graaf1, Amy Cochrane1, Francijna E van den Hil1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.

APL Bioengineering
|July 3, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method using human induced pluripotent stem cells to create realistic 3D blood vessel models on-chip. This low-cost platform enhances disease modeling and drug discovery by mimicking human vascular physiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate in vitro blood vessel models are crucial for disease research and drug development.
  • Existing models require improvement to fully replicate human vascular physiology and in vivo microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust and low-cost 3D in vitro blood vessel model using human induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • To optimize viscous finger patterning for creating reproducible vascular structures in microfluidic chips.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs).
  • Employed optimized viscous finger patterning (VFP) to create hollow structures within collagen I extracellular matrix in microfluidic chips.
  • Assessed lumen formation, diameter consistency, cell viability, and co-culture capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 90% success rate for lumen formation with consistent diameters averaging 336 ± 15 μm.
  • hiPSC-ECs formed stable and viable vascular structures within 48 hours in 3D microphysiological systems.
  • Successfully demonstrated co-culture of hiPSC-ECs with primary human brain vascular pericytes.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized VFP offers a robust and reproducible method for creating vascular structures on-chip.
  • The hiPSC-EC based vessels-on-chips (VoC) platform is a cost-effective tool for personalized disease modeling and drug discovery.
  • This advanced model system effectively recapitulates key aspects of human vascular physiology.