Microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip: Perspectives for Mimicking Neural System Disorders.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Stem Cell Biology

Background:

• Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect millions globally, with cases projected to rise significantly.
• Current research models like 2D/3D cell cultures and animal models have limitations in replicating complex physiological conditions.
• There is a critical need for advanced models to study NDD pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advancements in microfluidic brain-on-a-chip technology for NDD research.
• To highlight the potential of organ-on-a-chip systems combined with stem cells for studying nervous system disorders.
• To explore how these models can overcome limitations of conventional research methods.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing microfluidic "organ-on-a-chip" technology for cell culture and analysis.
• Incorporating various stem cells (SCs), including neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
• Investigating the application of these systems for studying central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders.

Main Results:

• Microfluidic chips enable precise manipulation and monitoring of cells in small fluid volumes.
• These systems can better mimic in vivo conditions, including cellular tension and fluid dynamics, compared to traditional models.
• The combination of organ-on-a-chip technology and stem cells provides a powerful platform for NDD research.

Conclusions:

• Microfluidic brain-on-a-chip technology represents a significant advancement for NDD research.
• This technology, coupled with stem cells, offers a promising avenue for understanding disease mechanisms and discovering new treatments.
• These models are crucial for investigating both normal and abnormal nervous system functions.