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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Using a Mammary Imaging Window with Replaceable Lid
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Evaluating Supplemental Samples in Longitudinal Research: Replacement and Refreshment Approaches.

Laura K Taylor1,2, Xin Tong3, Scott E Maxwell4

  • 1University College Dublin.

Multivariate Behavioral Research
|July 3, 2019
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Summary

Longitudinal studies can improve data quality by supplementing samples. Refreshment samples, which use the same selection criteria, are more effective than replacement samples at reducing bias and increasing efficiency.

Keywords:
Planned missing datalongitudinal designrefreshment samplereplacement samplesupplemental sample

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Area of Science:

  • * Longitudinal data analysis
  • * Statistical methodology
  • * Attrition and missing data research

Background:

  • * Longitudinal studies are valuable but often suffer from missing data and participant attrition.
  • * Existing methods primarily focus on participant retention or advanced missing data techniques.
  • * This study explores supplementing existing samples to address attrition challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce and compare two novel strategies for supplementing longitudinal study samples: refreshment and replacement sampling.
  • * To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating the impact of missing data and attrition.
  • * To provide practical guidance for researchers dealing with high attrition rates in longitudinal research.

Main Methods:

  • * Introduction of two sample supplementation strategies: refreshment sampling (identical selection criteria) and replacement sampling (using auxiliary variables).
  • * A simulation study comparing refreshment, replacement, and no supplementation for a linear growth model across five measurement occasions.
  • * Application of the strategies to a real-world data example to illustrate comparative strengths.

Main Results:

  • * Refreshment samples demonstrated significantly less relative bias and greater relative efficiency compared to replacement samples or no supplementation.
  • * Refreshment samples achieved more acceptable coverage rates and higher statistical power.
  • * The real data example corroborated the simulation findings, highlighting the practical benefits of refreshment sampling.

Conclusions:

  • * Refreshment sampling is a superior strategy for supplementing longitudinal study samples compared to replacement sampling or no supplementation.
  • * This approach effectively addresses issues of missing data and attrition, particularly in studies with at-risk populations.
  • * Findings offer valuable insights for improving the accuracy and power of longitudinal research assessing change over time.