Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Epidemiology01:26

Introduction to Epidemiology

1.7K
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
1.7K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.5K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.5K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

927
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
927
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

607
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
607
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.3K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.3K
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

1.5K
The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Individuals in California, 2007 to 2019.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Trends and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Cardiovascular Health in California.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2025
Same author

Response to "Comments on measurement error and information bias in causal diagrams" by Zheng and Li.

International journal of epidemiology·2025
Same author

Writing Ourselves into (BE)ing.

Health promotion practice·2025
Same author

Pregnancy Intendedness by Presence and Extent of Disability in the USA, 2019-2020.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health·2025
Same author

Measurement error and information bias in causal diagrams: mapping epidemiological concepts and graphical structures.

International journal of epidemiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.3K

The ARRIVE Trial: Interpretation from an Epidemiologic Perspective.

Suzan L Carmichael1, Jonathan M Snowden2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Journal of Midwifery & Women'S Health
|July 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induction of labor at 39 weeks for nulliparous women did not increase adverse neonatal outcomes compared to expectant management. Cesarean birth rates were lower with labor induction, potentially shifting clinical practice for term pregnancies.

Keywords:
causalitycesareaninduction of laborlabor onsetpragmatic randomized controlled trialsrandomized controlled trials

More Related Videos

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.2K
Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies
10:09

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

Published on: September 22, 2014

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.3K
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.2K
Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies
10:09

Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

Published on: September 22, 2014

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • The ARRIVE trial investigated labor induction versus expectant management in nulliparous women at term.
  • Existing clinical practices for managing term pregnancies vary, lacking definitive evidence on optimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare adverse perinatal outcomes and cesarean birth rates between labor induction and expectant management in healthy nulliparous women at term.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making regarding labor management at full term.

Main Methods:

  • Multisite randomized controlled trial comparing labor induction at 39 weeks with expectant management.
  • Primary outcome: composite of adverse neonatal outcomes. Secondary outcome: cesarean birth.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in adverse neonatal outcomes between the induction and expectant management groups.
  • Cesarean birth rates were significantly lower in the labor induction group compared to the expectant management group.

Conclusions:

  • Labor induction at 39 weeks in nulliparous women is not associated with increased adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • Induction of labor may reduce the risk of cesarean birth for term pregnancies in this population.
  • Further analyses and research are needed to address potential biases and confirm external validity for broader clinical application.