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Nuclear Organization in Stress and Aging.

Raquel Romero-Bueno1, Patricia de la Cruz Ruiz1, Marta Artal-Sanz1

  • 1Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.

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Summary

Nuclear envelope proteins and histone modifiers impact genome 3D organization and gene expression. Their alterations are linked to aging and stress responses in eukaryotes.

Keywords:
HGPSNGPSchromatinepigeneticslaminopathieslongevitymitochondrial unfolded protein responseprogeriatranscription.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The eukaryotic nucleus, enclosed by the nuclear envelope, regulates cellular processes, chromatin positioning, and gene expression.
  • Nuclear structure and function are significantly altered during aging and stress, often involving epigenetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nuclear envelope proteins and histone modifiers in 3D genome organization.
  • To discuss the implications for gene expression, particularly in aging and stress contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on nuclear envelope proteins (e.g., lamins) and chromatin modifiers (e.g., BAF).
  • Analysis of alterations in nuclear organization and epigenetic landscapes across different organisms and conditions.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear lamins and BAF are implicated in progeria syndromes, highlighting their role in nuclear structure.
  • Changes in nuclear organization and epigenetics are conserved features of aging and stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear envelope proteins and histone modifiers are critical regulators of genome architecture and gene expression.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into aging and stress-related diseases.