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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base01:10

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α-Alkylation of ketones is achieved in the presence of alkyl halides and a base. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an enolate ion followed by nucleophilic substitution. The choice of base employed is essential as it is the key factor in determining the reaction outcome.
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Maternal Risk Factors for Stillbirth: A Registry-Based Study.

Irisa Zile1,2, Inguna Ebela3, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrica, University of Latvia, Raiņa bulvāris 19, Riga, LV-1050, Latvia. irisazile@inbox.lv.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|July 4, 2019
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Summary

Maternal medical conditions like chronic hypertension and pregnancy complications such as placental abruption significantly increase stillbirth risk. Early detection and management of fetal growth restriction are key to prevention.

Keywords:
maternal diseasesrisk factorsstillbirth

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stillbirth rates decline slower than maternal and child mortality.
  • Placental issues and infection linked to preterm birth contribute significantly to stillbirths.
  • Accessible preconception and antenatal care can reduce stillbirths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for stillbirth among maternal medical diseases and obstetric complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study (2001-2014) using the Medical Birth Register.
  • Analyzed stillbirths and live births as controls.
  • Used multiple regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, parity, and gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Stillbirth rate was 6.2 per 1000 births.
  • Maternal diabetes (aOR=2.5), chronic hypertension (aOR=3.1), and abnormal amniotic fluid (aOR=2.4) increased stillbirth risk.
  • Intrauterine growth restriction (aOR=2.2) and placental abruption (aOR=2.8) were significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic hypertension and placental abruption are key stillbirth risk factors.
  • Early identification of risk factors and perinatal management are crucial for preventing adverse fetal outcomes.
  • Preventive strategies should prioritize antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction.