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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
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Challenges for dedicated smoking cessation services in developing countries.

G Y Tadzimirwa1, C Day, A Esmail

  • 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. gtadzimirwa@gmail.com.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|July 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

South Africa

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • South Africa faces high stress levels and a large smoking population.
  • A unique smoking cessation clinic operates in Cape Town, serving as the country's sole clinical service and training center.
  • The clinic aims to understand the needs of smoking cessation services in resource-limited environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate smokers attending a dedicated cessation clinic.
  • To inform the development of effective smoking cessation strategies in resource-limited settings.
  • To understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals seeking to quit smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of demographic and smoking-related data from clinic attendees.
  • Formal evaluation of nicotine dependence (Fagerström score), depression (PHQ-9), and exhaled carbon monoxide levels.
  • Analysis of data from 97 participants to assess smoking patterns and cessation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study evaluated 97 smokers with a mean age of 50.9 years; 59% were male.
  • Smokers initiated smoking at a median age of 16, with significant nicotine dependence (median Fagerström score 5) and high rates of depression (median PHQ-9 score 8).
  • A 28% self-reported quit rate was observed at a median follow-up of 22 months, with limited access to pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Smokers seeking cessation exhibit moderate nicotine dependence alongside significant depressive symptoms.
  • Resource-limited cessation services may benefit more from psychological and behavioral support, particularly for depressive symptoms, than from pharmacotherapy alone.
  • Findings guide public health strategies and resource allocation for smoking cessation programs in underserved areas.