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Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

Published on: February 26, 2021

Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: looking back, looking forward.

Islay Mactaggart¹, Hans Limburg², Andrew Bastawrous¹

¹International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology

|July 4, 2019

Summary

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) provides crucial data on visual loss prevalence and causes. Future developments will enhance its use in global eye health planning through mobile technology integration.

Keywords:

epidemiology public health

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Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Epidemiology

Background:

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) is a key methodology for assessing visual impairment.
It offers a cost-effective approach to collecting data on blindness prevalence and causes globally.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the successes and challenges of the RAAB methodology.
To outline future advancements for RAAB to maintain its relevance and widespread application.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from at least 331 RAAB surveys conducted in 79 countries.
Development of a RAAB repository for data sharing and meta-analyses.

Main Results:

RAAB surveys have generated significant local and global data on visual loss.
A centralized repository facilitates data accessibility for research, including meta-analyses.

Conclusions:

RAAB has proven effective in data collection for visual impairment.
Enhancements, including mobile technology and cloud-based platforms, are crucial for real-time analysis, reporting, and improved planning for eye health interventions.