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Hearing Loss With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Ina Foulon1, Yannick De Brucker2, Ronald Buyl3

  • 1Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, ina.foulon@uzbrussel.be.

Pediatrics
|July 4, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in newborns. Early identification of risk factors like symptomatic infection and imaging abnormalities is crucial for timely intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a leading infectious cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children.
  • Early identification and management of cCMV-related hearing loss are critical for developmental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SNHL in infants with confirmed cCMV infection.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of SNHL in this population.
  • To propose recommendations for newborn screening and follow-up protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective 22-year study evaluated 157 children with proven cCMV infection for SNHL.
  • Correlations were analyzed between SNHL development and maternal infection type, gestational age at primary infection, neonatal imaging findings, and infant symptomatology.

Main Results:

  • 12.7% of children with cCMV had SNHL; 5.7% required hearing amplification.
  • Hearing loss was significantly associated with symptomatic cCMV at birth (P = .017), primary maternal infection in the first trimester (P = .029), and abnormal neonatal brain imaging (P < .001).
  • Hearing thresholds showed improvement, progression, or fluctuation in 45%, 53.8%, and 5.7% of cases, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • SNHL is a frequent complication of cCMV infection in children.
  • Key risk factors for SNHL include early pregnancy maternal infection, disseminated neonatal infection, and abnormal neuroimaging.
  • Children with identified risk factors warrant more intensive SNHL screening and monitoring.
Abstract

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