Theory of Mind Performance in Broad Autism Phenotype Groups: Between-Group Differences and Predictor Variables
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

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Published on: April 7, 2020
Amy Camodeca1,2,3
1Psychology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 100 University Drive, Monaca, PA, 15061, USA. asc19@psu.edu.
Abstract:
Investigated between-group differences in cognitive/affective theory of mind (ToM) and predictors of cognitive ToM both within broad autism phenotype/non (BAP/Non-BAP) groups as well as across the sample. The BAP group (n = 45) performed worse than the Non-BAP group (n = 102) on the unexpected outcomes test (UOT), but groups were similar regarding reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Stepwise regression indicated RMET best predicted UOT for the BAP group; block design best predicted UOT in the Non-BAP group. BAP traits did not mediate the relation of RMET to UOT performance. While RMET and UOT appear similarly related in BAP/Non-BAP samples, use of emotion recognition abilities in a cognitive ToM task may reflect over-reliance on this skill in the BAP.
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