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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysics
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • The Simon effect demonstrates how task-irrelevant stimulus location impacts performance on task-relevant attributes.
  • Understanding reaction time (RT) distributions is crucial for analyzing cognitive processes in tasks like the Simon task.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the ex-Gaussian distribution to empirical RT distributions in the Simon task.
  • To investigate the reliability of the Simon effect on the ex-Gaussian parameters: mean (μ), standard deviation (σ), and tail (τ).

Main Methods:

  • Employed a Monte Carlo study and other statistical methods to analyze RT data from the Simon task.
  • Assessed the fit of the ex-Gaussian distribution to empirical RT distributions.
  • Examined the reliability of the Simon effect on individual ex-Gaussian parameters (μ, σ, τ) using correlation and partial correlation analyses.

Main Results:

  • The ex-Gaussian function provided a good fit to the empirical RT distributions in the Simon task.
  • Ex-Gaussian parameters (μ, σ, τ) showed reliability between trial blocks at the group level.
  • At the individual level, the Simon effect was reliable on the μ parameter, and also on the τ parameter after controlling for μ.

Conclusions:

  • The ex-Gaussian distribution is a valuable and reliable tool for analyzing RT distributions in Simon-type tasks.
  • The Simon effect reliably impacts the mean (μ) and, under specific conditions, the tail (τ) of the RT distribution.