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Association between decrease in frequency of going out and oral function in older adults living in major urban areas.

Yurie Mikami1, Yutaka Watanabe1,2, Keiko Motokawa1

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Poor oral function, including difficulty chewing and dry mouth, is linked to reduced social engagement in older adults. Maintaining good oral health may help older individuals stay socially active.

Keywords:
frequency of going outolder adultoral functionoral healthurban

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Independent older adults living in urban environments are susceptible to decreased social participation.
  • Oral function is a critical component of overall health and well-being in the elderly.
  • The relationship between reduced social engagement and oral health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a decrease in the frequency of going out and oral function in independent older adults in Tokyo.
  • To identify factors contributing to reduced social engagement among urban-dwelling seniors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 785 older adults (77.0 ± 4.6 years) in the "Takashimadaira Study".
  • Assessment of oral function (difficulty chewing, dry mouth), physical factors, psychological factors (Geriatric Depression Scale-15), and social factors (organization activities).
  • Logistic regression and covariance structural analyses were employed to determine associations.

Main Results:

  • Difficulty chewing (OR 2.41) and dry mouth (OR 1.68) were significantly associated with a decreased frequency of going out.
  • Increased Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores (OR 1.13) and decreased physical activity were also linked to reduced social engagement.
  • Both difficulty chewing and dry mouth directly impacted the frequency of going out, with depression mediating this relationship through oral function.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the link between diminished oral function and reduced social participation in older adults, even after adjusting for multiple factors.
  • Maintaining adequate oral health is crucial for promoting social engagement and quality of life in the elderly population.
  • Interventions targeting oral health may help mitigate social isolation in aging urban populations.