Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.

First Order Systems

First Order Systems

First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...

Second Order systems I

Second Order systems I

A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Classification of Systems-II

Classification of Systems-II

Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Wrist arthro-CT: don't forget to check the foveal attachment.

Insights into imaging·2026

Same author

Assessment of ultrasound-guided continuous genicular nerve radiofrequency for the management of persistent post-arthroplasty knee pain.

European radiology·2025

Same author

Bone marrow oedema of the sacroiliac joint without spondyloarthritis: a retrospective study of 34 cases of osteitis condensans ilii.

Rheumatology advances in practice·2025

Same author

Enhanced CT and MRI Focal Bone Tumor Classification with Machine Learning-based Stratification: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Radiology·2025

Same author

Ultrasound of Lateral Epicondylitis.

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology·2024

Same author

Finger Sprains, Ultrasound Anatomy, and Pathology of Finger Ligaments.

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Giant calcinosis revealing systemic sclerosis.

Etienne Meriglier^1,2, François Lafourcade³, Bruno Gombert⁴

¹Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases

|July 4, 2019

Summary

Severe calcinosis, a complication of systemic sclerosis, can manifest before other symptoms. This case highlights early-onset calcinosis in the shoulders and hips preceding systemic sclerosis diagnosis.

Keywords:

calcinosis systemic sclerosis

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Dermatology
Orthopedics

Background:

Calcinosis is a recognized complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Typically, calcinosis develops years after the initial diagnosis of SSc.
The pathophysiology involves calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in soft tissues.

Observation:

A male patient presented with severe calcinosis affecting the shoulders and hips.
This presentation occurred prior to the emergence of other characteristic symptoms of systemic sclerosis.
The patient's initial symptoms were predominantly musculoskeletal due to calcific deposits.

Findings:

The case demonstrates an atypical, early-onset presentation of calcinosis in systemic sclerosis.
Severe soft tissue calcification preceded the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis.
Shoulder and hip joints were significantly impacted by the calcinosis.

Implications:

This case suggests that calcinosis can be an initial presenting feature of systemic sclerosis.
Early recognition of calcinosis may prompt earlier SSc diagnosis and management.
Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving pre-diagnostic calcinosis in SSc.