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Tailoring Bacteria Response by Piezoelectric Stimulation.

Estela O Carvalho1,2, Margarida M Fernandes1,2, Jorge Padrao1

  • 1Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how piezoelectric materials influence bacterial growth. Specific frequencies and surface charges on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films can inhibit or promote the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, offering new antimicrobial strategies.

Keywords:
Gram-negative bacteriaGram-positive bacteriaantimicrobialmechanoelectric effectpiezoelectric materialpromicrobialsurface charge

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bacteria exhibit remarkable adaptability due to their evolutionary history.
  • Understanding environmental influences on bacterial behavior is crucial for developing control strategies.
  • Electrically active microenvironments offer a novel approach to modulate bacterial responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of piezoelectric microenvironments on bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
  • To determine how surface charge and mechanical/piezoelectric stimulation affect Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • To explore the potential of piezoelectric materials for developing anti- and pro-microbial strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) films under static and dynamic conditions.
  • Applying mechanical and piezoelectric stimuli at varying frequencies (4 Hz and 40 Hz).
  • Assessing bacterial viability (planktonic and biofilm) and characterizing microorganism morphology.

Main Results:

  • Escherichia coli showed minimal response to the applied stimuli.
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis growth was significantly modulated by PVDF surface charge and stimulation frequency.
  • Positive PVDF surface charge inhibited bacterial growth; 4 Hz stimulation yielded antifouling properties, while 40 Hz promoted bacterial adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Piezoelectric materials can be utilized to tailor bacterial behavior, offering precise control over growth and adhesion.
  • This research presents novel mechanoelectrical stimuli for bacterial cells, distinct from those studied in mammalian cells.
  • The findings pave the way for innovative anti- and pro-microbial strategies based on piezoelectric material applications.