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Sulfation pathways from red to green.

Süleyman Günal1, Rebecca Hardman2, Stanislav Kopriva1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sulfur metabolism via sulfation pathways is vital for all organisms. This review compares animal and plant sulfation processes, highlighting conserved functions and unique divergences.

Keywords:
3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthaseATP sulfurylaseArabidopsis thalianaadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinaseglucosinolateshumansecondary metabolismsteroid hormonesulfate activationsulfotransferasesulfur

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Sulfur is an essential element, integral to amino acids, coenzymes, and cellular metabolites.
  • Sulfation pathways, involving sulfation and desulfation reactions, are critical for modifying various substrates.
  • Activated sulfate synthesis is indispensable for sulfation, impacting development and survival across kingdoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare sulfation pathways in animals and plants.
  • To identify similarities and differences between these pathways and those in bacteria and yeast.
  • To highlight open questions regarding the localization, regulation, and significance of sulfation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing literature on sulfation pathways in animals, plants, bacteria, and yeast.
  • Review of genetic studies, including loss-of-function mutations in model organisms.
  • Synthesis of information on the biochemical roles of sulfur and sulfated metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Sulfation pathways are conserved and essential in animals and plants, with mutations causing severe developmental defects or lethality.
  • Significant differences exist in sulfation pathway mechanisms and regulation between plants and animals, and even more so compared to microbes.
  • Activated sulfate synthesis is crucial, with impaired capacity leading to dwarfism in plants and developmental issues in animals.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfation pathways play fundamental roles in the biology of animals and plants, underscoring the importance of sulfur metabolism.
  • Understanding the divergences and convergences in sulfation pathways can provide reciprocal insights between plant and animal research.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the localization, regulation, and broader importance of these vital pathways in all kingdoms of life.