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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Language boosting by transcranial stimulation in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Antoni Valero-Cabré1, Clara Sanches2, Juliette Godard2

  • 1From Groupe de Dynamiques Cérébrales, Plasticité et Rééducation (A.V.-C., C.S., J.G., O.F.) and Frontlab Team (A.V.-C., C.S., J.G., O.F., B.D., R.L., M.T.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), INSERM 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225 and Sorbonne Université (SO), Paris, France; Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Rehabilitation (A.V.-C.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technology Research Program (A.V.-C.), Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (B.D., R.L., M.T.), National Reference Center for "PPA and Rare Dementias," Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering (D.Q.T., M.B.), the City College of City University of New York, NY. marc.teichmann@psl.aphp.fr antoni.valerocabre@icm-institute.org.

Neurology
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PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved language skills in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study shows tDCS is a viable option for enhancing language function in PSP patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease often associated with cognitive and language impairments.
  • Language deficits, including lexical and semantic access, can significantly impact the quality of life for PSP patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for improving language capacities in individuals with PSP.
  • To assess the effects of both excitatory (left-anodal) and inhibitory (right-cathodal) tDCS on specific language tasks.

Main Methods:

  • A sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study involving 12 PSP patients.
  • tDCS applied to the left DLPFC (anodal) and right DLPFC (cathodal) compared to sham stimulation.
  • Language performance evaluated using the letter fluency task (lexical access) and category judgment task (semantic access) before and after each tDCS session.

Main Results:

  • Patients with PSP demonstrated baseline impairments in both lexical and semantic language tasks compared to healthy controls.
  • Right-cathodal tDCS led to significant improvements in the category judgment task (semantic access).
  • Left-anodal tDCS resulted in significant improvements in the letter fluency task (lexical access).

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effectively modulates and improves specific language functions in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
  • These findings provide proof-of-concept for tDCS as a potential therapeutic intervention for language deficits in PSP.
  • Further research exploring multi-day stimulation regimens is warranted to investigate sustained neuroplasticity-driven effects.