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Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers.

Serban Lepadatu1

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This study reveals a new interfacial spin torque mechanism that drives skyrmion motion in multilayered films. This mechanism, enhanced in ultra-thin films, helps explain observed skyrmion Hall angles and the impact of material imperfections.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures with potential for data storage and processing.
  • Spin-orbit torques, particularly from the spin-Hall effect, are known methods for driving skyrmion motion.
  • Understanding additional torque mechanisms is crucial for efficient skyrmion manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize an additional interfacial spin torque contribution in multilayered magnetic stacks.
  • To investigate the role of vertical spin currents and inter-layer diffusion in skyrmion dynamics.
  • To explain the observed small skyrmion Hall angles and the influence of material imperfections.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of spin currents and spin accumulation in multilayered systems.
  • Modeling of interfacial spin torque arising from inter-layer diffusion.
  • Simulation of skyrmion motion incorporating both spin-orbit torque and the novel diffusive spin torque.
  • Investigation of the impact of topographical surface roughness on skyrmion dynamics.

Main Results:

  • An additional interfacial spin torque mechanism, driven by vertical spin currents, is identified.
  • This diffusive spin torque is significantly enhanced in ultra-thin films and opposes electron flow.
  • The combined effect of spin-orbit torque and diffusive spin torque explains small skyrmion Hall angles.
  • Material imperfections, such as monolayer-level surface roughness, critically influence threshold currents and skyrmion Hall angles.

Conclusions:

  • A novel diffusive spin torque mechanism contributes significantly to skyrmion motion in multilayered films.
  • This finding provides a comprehensive explanation for experimental observations of skyrmion Hall angles.
  • Material imperfections play a crucial role in the dynamics of ultra-thin film skyrmions, necessitating careful control in device fabrication.