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Researchers developed "Floquet polaritons" by using Floquet engineering to enable photons to interact in multiple spatial modes within an optical cavity, paving the way for quantum materials and technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Photons typically do not interact, limiting the creation of synthetic quantum materials.
  • Rydberg atoms in optical cavities can mediate photon interactions, forming polaritons.
  • Previous methods were constrained to single spatial modes, hindering material realization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enable strongly interacting polaritons to access multiple spatial modes of an optical cavity.
  • To overcome the single-mode limitation in creating quantum materials from photons.
  • To explore new quantum phenomena and applications using multimode polaritons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Floquet engineering (periodic modulation) of a rubidium atomic system.
  • Engineered atomic spectral lines to resonate with multiple spatial modes of a non-degenerate optical cavity.
  • Coupled the Floquet-engineered atomic state to cavity modes using a single-frequency field.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the creation of 'Floquet polaritons' that exist in and interact within multiple spatial modes simultaneously.
  • Showed that periodic modulation splits atomic spectral weight, enabling resonance with chosen cavity modes.
  • Confirmed strong interactions between polaritons in both cavity modes.

Conclusions:

  • Floquet polaritons offer a novel pathway to realizing ordered states of strongly correlated photons, such as crystals and topological fluids.
  • This work opens avenues for advanced quantum information technologies, including multimode photon-by-photon switching.
  • The ability to control photon interactions in multiple modes is a significant advancement in quantum optics.