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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Programmable bacteria induce durable tumor regression and systemic antitumor immunity.

Sreyan Chowdhury1,2, Samuel Castro1, Courtney Coker1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered bacteria deliver cancer-targeting nanobodies directly to tumors. This approach stimulates immune responses, leading to tumor regression and long-term survival in preclinical models.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Genetic engineering of cells
  • Microbial therapeutics

Background:

  • Synthetic biology enables programming cells for medical applications.
  • Engineered bacteria can deliver therapeutic payloads in vivo.
  • CD47 is an anti-phagocytic receptor overexpressed in many cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a non-pathogenic E. coli strain for targeted CD47 nanobody delivery.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of bacteria-mediated CD47 nanobody release in a tumor model.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering of Escherichia coli to express CD47 nanobody.
  • Tumor colonization and lysis within the tumor microenvironment.
  • In vivo evaluation in a syngeneic mouse tumor model.

Main Results:

  • Engineered bacteria selectively lysed in tumors, releasing CD47 nanobody.
  • Increased T cell activation, tumor regression, and metastasis prevention.
  • Induced systemic anti-tumor immunity and abscopal effect.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered bacteria provide a platform for targeted immunotherapy delivery.
  • This approach can induce systemic anti-tumor immunity and improve survival.
  • Potential for safe and effective bacterial-based cancer immunotherapies.