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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
Published on: February 6, 2017
Norovirus Outbreak in a Kindergarten: Human to Human Transmission among Children
Seowon Kim1, Young Woo Kim1, Sukhyun Ryu1,2,3
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract:
An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was reported from a kindergarten on January 5, 2018 and investigation was conducted. A case was defined as a kindergartener presented with vomiting or diarrhea twice a day between January 1 and January 5, 2018. All kindergarteners were interviewed to identify the factor associated with case development. Fifteen (31.3%) children of a total of 48 were identified as cases, and four were confirmed to be Group II, Norovirus positive. In our study, based on the pattern of epidemic curve and different attack rate by classroom in a kindergarten, Norovirus was likely transmitted from human to human.
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