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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
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Infections in pregnancy.

Caitlin L Keighley1,2, Hannah Jm Skrzypek3, Angela Wilson4

  • 1Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, NSW.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|July 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy infections pose risks, requiring prompt lab alerts for serum storage and specialist referral. Early detection and preventive measures, like hand hygiene, are crucial for managing congenital infections such as Cytomegalovirus and Parvovirus B19.

Keywords:
Congenital abnormalitiesObstetricsPregnancy complications

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy infections present significant challenges for healthcare providers, potentially leading to severe complications.
  • Effective management necessitates laboratory awareness of antenatal status for proper sample handling and storage.
  • Timely referral to specialists is vital for managing vertically transmissible infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing infections during pregnancy.
  • To emphasize laboratory protocols for antenatal specimen handling.
  • To outline key preventive strategies and management pathways for common congenital infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices in managing antenatal infections.
  • Discussion of laboratory procedures for serum sample storage and testing.
  • Guidance on referral pathways for confirmed perinatal infections.

Main Results:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most prevalent congenital infection, with increased risk for pregnant women in close contact with young children.
  • Parvovirus B19 infection, though of unknown incidence, is highly contagious and can cause fetal loss, particularly in early pregnancy.
  • Preventive measures like hand hygiene and avoiding contact with bodily fluids of potentially infected individuals are recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Highlighting antenatal status on pathology forms is critical for appropriate laboratory response.
  • Specialist consultation is essential for managing confirmed vertically transmissible infections.
  • Public health recommendations focus on hygiene and avoidance of exposure to prevent common congenital infections like CMV and Parvovirus B19.