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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

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Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

1.1K
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
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Ulcerative Colitis.

Joseph D Feuerstein1, Alan C Moss1, Francis A Farraye2

  • 1Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by colon inflammation. Management involves medication to induce remission, with surgery for refractory cases, and collaborative care to prevent complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing continuous colonic inflammation, starting rectally.
  • Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and urgency; extraintestinal manifestations can occur.
  • Diagnosis relies on symptoms, endoscopic findings of continuous inflammation, and biopsy confirmation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for ulcerative colitis.
  • To describe current pharmacological and surgical treatment strategies for UC.
  • To emphasize the importance of collaborative care for managing UC complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic methods for UC.
  • Summary of therapeutic approaches, including 5-aminosalicylates, thiopurines, biologics, and JAK inhibitors.
  • Discussion of surgical indications and the necessity of multidisciplinary patient management.

Main Results:

  • UC diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, and histological evidence.
  • Pharmacological treatments aim to induce and maintain remission, with varying efficacy based on disease severity.
  • Up to 15% of UC patients may require surgery due to treatment failure or dysplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of ulcerative colitis requires a combination of medical therapy and, in some cases, surgery.
  • Close collaboration between primary care physicians and gastroenterologists is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
  • Proactive screening for complications like cancer, bone loss, and depression is essential for long-term UC patient care.