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Retinoic acid signaling pathways.

Norbert B Ghyselinck1, Gregg Duester2

  • 1Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France norbert@igbmc.fr duester@SBPdiscovery.org.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, regulates development in chordates by binding to nuclear receptors (RARs). Understanding RA

Keywords:
DevelopmentGenetic loss of functionRetinoic acidSignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol), is a crucial signaling molecule.
  • RA functions by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which control gene expression.
  • RA signaling is essential for the development of various tissues and organs in chordate animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of retinoic acid signaling pathways.
  • To highlight the key roles of RA in embryonic development.
  • To inform therapeutic applications of RA in human health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies in model organisms like mouse and zebrafish.
  • Analysis of embryos deficient in RA-generating enzymes or RARs.
  • Examination of gene transcription regulation by RA-RAR complexes.

Main Results:

  • RA signaling is vital for the development of the body axis, central nervous system, limbs, heart, eyes, and reproductive system.
  • RA-RARs can both activate and repress the transcription of critical developmental genes.
  • Genetic studies have elucidated specific functions of RA in organogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Retinoic acid signaling is a fundamental process in chordate development.
  • A comprehensive understanding of RA's developmental roles is essential for its therapeutic use.
  • Further research into RA signaling can lead to improved treatments for developmental disorders.