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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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A draft genome for Spatholobus suberectus.

Shuangshuang Qin1,2, Lingqing Wu3, Kunhua Wei2

  • 1College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.

Scientific Data
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The genome of the medicinal plant Spatholobus suberectus Dunn was sequenced, providing a key resource for understanding its bioactive compound biosynthesis and seed development. This research aids conservation efforts for this endangered species.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Science
  • Medicinal Botany

Background:

  • Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (S. suberectus) is a vital medicinal plant in China.
  • Wild resources are declining due to long growth cycles and high demand, risking extinction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To de novo assemble the whole genome of S. suberectus.
  • To provide a genomic resource for studying bioactive component biosynthesis and seed development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Illumina HiSeq X Ten, PacBio SMRT, 10x Genomics, FALCON, and Hi-C sequencing.
  • Assembled a chromosome-scale genome of approximately 798 Mb.
  • Anchored 93.73% of contigs to nine chromosomes and annotated 31,634 protein-coding genes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully assembled a chromosome-scale genome for S. suberectus.
  • Identified 31,634 protein-coding genes with high functional annotation rate (93.9%).
  • Anchored a significant portion of the genome to its nine chromosomes.

Conclusions:

  • The assembled genome is a critical resource for future research on S. suberectus.
  • Facilitates understanding of bioactive compound synthesis and seed development regulation.
  • Supports conservation strategies for this endangered medicinal plant.