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Related Concept Videos

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Single-Cell Assays Using Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.

Ashwini S Hinge1, Marie-Dominique Filippi2

  • 1Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Ashwini.Hinge@cchmc.org.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) make critical fate decisions upon division. Single-cell assays reveal how HSCs self-renew or differentiate, offering insights into stem cell behavior.

Keywords:
DifferentiationFate decisionHematopoietic stem cellMyeloid multilineage differentiation assayPaired-daughter cell assaySelf-renewalSingle cell

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cellular Differentiation

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are heterogeneous and their fate decisions post-division are crucial.
  • Understanding stem cell self-renewal versus differentiation at a single-cell level is vital for regenerative medicine and disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the methodology of two key in vitro single-cell assays: the paired-daughter cell assay and the myeloid multilineage differentiation assay.
  • To elucidate how these assays provide insights into hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Paired-daughter cell assay: Examines symmetric vs. asymmetric division patterns of daughter cells concerning four myeloid lineages (neutrophil, erythroid, macrophage/monocyte, megakaryocyte).
  • Myeloid multilineage differentiation assay: Assesses a single HSC's capacity to generate multipotent clones across four or fewer myeloid lineages.
  • Both assays utilize specific cytokine combinations to stimulate myeloid differentiation.

Main Results:

  • The paired-daughter cell assay defines asymmetric and symmetric division patterns, offering clues to HSC fate determination.
  • The myeloid multilineage differentiation assay quantifies the multipotency of individual HSCs across different myeloid lineages.

Conclusions:

  • These single-cell assays are powerful tools for dissecting the complex fate decisions of hematopoietic stem cells.
  • Detailed understanding of these methodologies can advance research into stem cell heterogeneity and function.