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A role for epigenetic adaption in evolution
1Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Summary
Epigenetic changes due to stress interact with genetics. Selecting for these traits can lead to offspring exhibiting the phenotype without stress, suggesting genetic assimilation.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Epigenetics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Epigenetic responses to stress are influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.
- Induced phenotypic changes result from a combination of epigenetic factors and existing genetic variations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential for genetic assimilation of epigenetically induced phenotypes.
- To discuss how selection on stress-induced epigenetic traits may lead to stable, heritable phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- This is a review discussing theoretical possibilities.
- It synthesizes existing knowledge on epigenetics, genetics, and selection.
Main Results:
- Accumulation of specific alleles potentiating epigenetic responses during selective breeding is proposed.
- These accumulated alleles may contribute to novel phenotypes even under non-stressful conditions.
Conclusions:
- Selection for epigenetically modified phenotypes can lead to genetic assimilation.
- This process may result in individuals displaying stress-induced phenotypes without the initial stressor, driven by genetic factors.
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