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Reliable Method for Assessing Seed Germination, Dormancy, and Mortality under Field Conditions
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Rethinking mortality deceleration.

Giambattista Salinari1

  • 1a Department of Economics and Business , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.

Biodemography and Social Biology
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mortality deceleration at older ages is faster than explained by selection alone. This suggests lifestyle changes and behaviors also play a significant role in human aging and longevity.

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mortality deceleration at advanced ages is a well-documented demographic phenomenon.
  • This deceleration is traditionally attributed to cohort selection, favoring robust individuals.
  • Alternative explanations, including behavioral and lifestyle modifications, are less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a method for distinguishing the contribution of selection versus other factors to mortality deceleration.
  • To test the hypothesis that selection is the sole driver of decelerating mortality at older ages.
  • To investigate the role of behavioral and lifestyle changes in human aging.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a novel analytical method to disentangle selection effects from other influences on mortality.
Keywords:
Mortality decelerationageingfrailty-modelsgamma-gompertz modelselection

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  • Applied the method to longitudinal data from female cohorts in the Human Mortality Database.
  • Compared observed mortality deceleration rates with predictions from selection theory.

    • Main Results:

    • Mortality deceleration at older ages was found to be more rapid than predicted by selection theory alone.
    • The findings suggest that factors beyond natural selection contribute significantly to reduced mortality in later life.
    • Evidence points towards the impact of behavioral and lifestyle modifications on aging trajectories.

    Conclusions:

    • Selection is not the unique mechanism explaining mortality deceleration in older populations.
    • Behavioral and lifestyle factors are crucial determinants of aging and longevity.
    • Further research should focus on quantifying the impact of these modifiable factors on mortality patterns.