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Wavefront sensing at X-ray free-electron lasers.

Matthew Seaberg1, Ruxandra Cojocaru2, Sebastien Berujon2

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Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct comparison of X-ray wavefront sensing techniques, including Talbot interferometry and speckle tracking, aids optics alignment at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). These methods enable precise focus characterization crucial for advanced XFEL applications.

Keywords:
X-ray free-electron lasersgrating interferometryspeckle trackingwavefront sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • X-ray Science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) require precise optics alignment and focus characterization.
  • High peak powers and beam instability at XFELs necessitate single-shot wavefront sensing techniques.
  • Out-of-focus wavefront probing is desirable for efficient characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare various X-ray wavefront sensing methods.
  • To evaluate techniques for optics alignment and focus characterization at XFELs.
  • To present a pathway for automated alignment using wavefront sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of single-grating Talbot interferometry (shearing interferometry), dual-grating Talbot interferometry (moiré deflectometry), and speckle tracking.
  • Implementation and testing at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray Pump Probe beamline.
  • Wavefront characterization of beryllium compound refractive lenses and a corrective phase plate.

Main Results:

  • Direct quantitative comparison of the performance of the three wavefront sensing techniques.
  • Wavefront measurements with and without a phase plate agreed with the design to within λ/20.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using wavefront sensors for automated beamline alignment.

Conclusions:

  • All three methods provide valuable data for XFEL beamline optimization.
  • Talbot interferometry and speckle tracking are suitable for single-shot wavefront sensing at XFELs.
  • Automated alignment using wavefront feedback is a viable strategy for enhancing XFEL operations.